diff --git a/crates/server/src/advertise.rs b/crates/server/src/advertise.rs
index 83e5230..930c24a 100644
--- a/crates/server/src/advertise.rs
+++ b/crates/server/src/advertise.rs
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ impl Advertiser {
             session: session.clone(),
             local_asn: self.local_asn,
             resend: Arc::clone(&resend),
-            announced: HashSet::new(),
+            own_announced: HashSet::new(),
             end_of_rib: session
                 .graceful_restart
                 .as_ref()
@@ -215,9 +215,10 @@ struct Exporter {
     session: SessionHandle,
     local_asn: u32,
     resend: Arc<Notify>,
-    /// The prefixes announced to the peer and not withdrawn since: our
-    /// Adj-RIB-Out for it (RFC 4271 §3.2), as far as it needs keeping.
-    announced: HashSet<IpPrefix>,
+    /// The prefixes of our own routes announced to the peer and not
+    /// withdrawn since: our Adj-RIB-Out for it (RFC 4271 §3.2), as far as
+    /// it needs keeping. The learned ones are in `learned`.
+    own_announced: HashSet<IpPrefix>,
     /// The families to send End-of-RIB markers for, until they are sent;
     /// `None` if graceful restart was not agreed.
     end_of_rib: Option<FamilySet>,
@@ -271,12 +272,16 @@ struct Dressed {
     octets: usize,
 }
 
+/// What the peer is to end up with for each prefix heard of: the route as
+/// it goes out, or `None` for a prefix it is not to have.
+type Verdicts = HashMap<IpPrefix, Option<Arc<Dressed>>>;
+
 /// What an exporter knows of the learned routes it has passed on.
 struct Learned {
     reader: Reader,
     /// The verdicts so far on a table that is being given out anew, kept
     /// until the table is all there; and the leave to keep them.
-    gathered: Option<HashMap<IpPrefix, Option<Arc<Dressed>>>>,
+    gathered: Option<Verdicts>,
     permit: Option<OwnedSemaphorePermit>,
     /// The prefixes announced to the peer and not withdrawn since.
     announced: HashSet<IpPrefix>,
@@ -299,6 +304,38 @@ impl Learned {
         self.announced.len() + self.stale.as_ref().map_or(0, HashSet::len)
     }
 
+    /// Takes the next changes of best route from the table: all of what
+    /// there is, up to a limit, so that it goes out together. Only what is
+    /// needed is taken while the table is held.
+    fn drain(&mut self) -> Vec<News> {
+        let mut news = Vec::new();
+        while news.len() < EXPORT_BATCH {
+            let progress = self.reader.poll(EXPORT_BATCH - news.len(), |event| {
+                news.push(match event {
+                    Event::Reset => News::Reset,
+                    Event::Synced => News::Synced,
+                    Event::Best {
+                        prefix,
+                        peer,
+                        attrs,
+                        ..
+                    } => News::Best {
+                        prefix,
+                        peer,
+                        attrs: Arc::clone(attrs),
+                    },
+                    Event::Withdrawn { prefix } => News::Withdrawn(prefix),
+                    // Not given to a follower of the best routes.
+                    Event::Routes { .. } => return,
+                });
+            });
+            if progress.caught_up || progress.events == 0 {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        news
+    }
+
     fn new(reader: Reader) -> Self {
         Self {
             reader,
@@ -500,46 +537,30 @@ impl Exporter {
     /// Takes the next changes of best route from the table and tells the
     /// peer of those that are for it.
     async fn follow(&mut self) -> Result<(), Finished> {
-        let towards = self.towards();
         let Some(learned) = &mut self.learned else {
             return Ok(());
         };
-        // Only what is needed is taken while the table is held; and all
-        // of what there is, up to a limit, so that it goes out together.
-        let mut news = Vec::new();
-        while news.len() < EXPORT_BATCH {
-            let progress = learned.reader.poll(EXPORT_BATCH - news.len(), |event| {
-                news.push(match event {
-                    Event::Reset => News::Reset,
-                    Event::Synced => News::Synced,
-                    Event::Best {
-                        prefix,
-                        peer,
-                        attrs,
-                        ..
-                    } => News::Best {
-                        prefix,
-                        peer,
-                        attrs: Arc::clone(attrs),
-                    },
-                    Event::Withdrawn { prefix } => News::Withdrawn(prefix),
-                    // Not given to a follower of the best routes.
-                    Event::Routes { .. } => return,
-                });
-            });
-            if progress.caught_up || progress.events == 0 {
-                break;
-            }
+        let news = learned.drain();
+        match self.judge(news).await {
+            Some((verdicts, synced)) => self.flush(verdicts, synced).await,
+            // Not all there yet.
+            None => Ok(()),
         }
+    }
 
+    /// Decides what the peer is to end up with for each prefix the news
+    /// is about: the last word on a prefix counts. While the whole table
+    /// is being given out anew, which is shard by shard, the verdicts are
+    /// kept until it is all there, and this returns `None`: the routes
+    /// that share attributes are in every shard, and are only sent
+    /// together if gathered first. Otherwise the verdicts, and whether
+    /// the table has been given out whole.
+    async fn judge(&mut self, news: Vec<News>) -> Option<(Verdicts, bool)> {
+        let towards = self.towards();
         let session = &self.session;
+        let learned = self.learned.as_mut()?;
         let limits = session.export_limits.as_deref();
         let egress = Self::egress(session, self.control, self.cluster_id, towards);
-        // What the peer is to end up with for each prefix heard of: the
-        // last word on it counts. While the whole table is being given out
-        // anew, which is shard by shard, this is kept until it is all
-        // there: the routes that share attributes are in every shard, and
-        // are only sent together if gathered first.
         let mut verdicts = learned.gathered.take().unwrap_or_default();
         let mut synced = false;
         // Who the routes are from, asked of the table once for each.
@@ -584,7 +605,7 @@ impl Exporter {
                         // that, and not as someone else's route for it.
                         Some(source)
                             if session.families.carries(&prefix)
-                                && !self.announced.contains(&prefix)
+                                && !self.own_announced.contains(&prefix)
                                 && limits.is_none_or(|limits| limits.allows(&prefix)) =>
                         {
                             learned.dressed(&attrs, source, prefix.address_family(), &egress)
@@ -596,17 +617,25 @@ impl Exporter {
                 }
             }
         }
-
         if learned.permit.is_some() && !synced {
-            // Not all there yet.
             learned.gathered = Some(verdicts);
-            return Ok(());
+            return None;
         }
+        Some((verdicts, synced))
+    }
 
-        // Withdrawals first, then announcements, routes that go out alike
-        // together.
+    /// Sends the peer what the verdicts say: withdrawals first, then
+    /// announcements, routes that go out alike together. `synced` says
+    /// the table was given out whole, so what was not heard of again is
+    /// withdrawn too.
+    async fn flush(&mut self, verdicts: Verdicts, synced: bool) -> Result<(), Finished> {
+        let towards = self.towards();
+        let session = &self.session;
+        let Some(learned) = &mut self.learned else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
         let mut withdrawn: [Vec<Nlri>; 2] = Default::default();
-        let mut announced: HashMap<(usize, IpVersion), (Arc<Dressed>, Vec<Nlri>)> = HashMap::new();
+        let mut batches: HashMap<(usize, IpVersion), (Arc<Dressed>, Vec<Nlri>)> = HashMap::new();
         for (prefix, verdict) in verdicts {
             let version = prefix.address_family();
             // Heard of again: no longer in doubt, whichever way it goes.
@@ -617,7 +646,7 @@ impl Exporter {
             match verdict {
                 Some(dressed) => {
                     learned.announced.insert(prefix);
-                    announced
+                    batches
                         .entry((Arc::as_ptr(&dressed) as usize, version))
                         .or_insert_with(|| (dressed, Vec::new()))
                         .1
@@ -632,15 +661,16 @@ impl Exporter {
         }
         if synced {
             learned.synced = true;
-        }
-        if synced && let Some(stale) = learned.stale.take() {
-            for prefix in stale {
-                withdrawn[version_index(prefix.address_family())].push(prefix.into());
+            if let Some(stale) = learned.stale.take() {
+                for prefix in stale {
+                    withdrawn[version_index(prefix.address_family())].push(prefix.into());
+                }
             }
         }
         // What the peer would hold once this goes out: none of it goes if
         // that is more than it may.
-        let routes = self.announced.len() + learned.held_by_peer();
+        let routes = self.own_announced.len() + learned.held_by_peer();
+        let limits = session.export_limits.as_deref();
         if let Some(limit) = limits.and_then(|limits| limits.exceeded_by(routes)) {
             return Err(over_limit(session, limit, routes));
         }
@@ -658,7 +688,7 @@ impl Exporter {
                 session.send(Message::Update(update)).await?;
             }
         }
-        for ((_, version), (dressed, routes)) in announced {
+        for ((_, version), (dressed, routes)) in batches {
             ROUTES_EXPORTED
                 .with_label_values(&["announced"])
                 .inc_by(routes.len() as u64);
@@ -685,7 +715,7 @@ impl Exporter {
     async fn send_all(&mut self) -> Result<(), Finished> {
         let routes = self.local_rib.snapshot().await.map_err(|_| Finished)?;
         let current: HashSet<IpPrefix> = routes.iter().map(|route| route.prefix).collect();
-        let gone: Vec<IpPrefix> = self.announced.difference(&current).copied().collect();
+        let gone: Vec<IpPrefix> = self.own_announced.difference(&current).copied().collect();
         for prefix in gone {
             self.withdraw(prefix).await?;
         }
@@ -715,8 +745,8 @@ impl Exporter {
             return Ok(());
         }
         // What the peer would hold with this route.
-        let routes = self.announced.len()
-            + usize::from(!self.announced.contains(&route.prefix))
+        let routes = self.own_announced.len()
+            + usize::from(!self.own_announced.contains(&route.prefix))
             + self.learned.as_ref().map_or(0, Learned::held_by_peer);
         if let Some(limit) = limits.and_then(|limits| limits.exceeded_by(routes)) {
             return Err(over_limit(session, limit, routes));
@@ -744,12 +774,12 @@ impl Exporter {
         export::finish(&mut update.path_attributes, &towards);
         debug!(peer = %session.peer, prefix = %route.prefix, "Announcing local route");
         session.send(Message::Update(update)).await?;
-        self.announced.insert(route.prefix);
+        self.own_announced.insert(route.prefix);
         Ok(())
     }
 
     async fn withdraw(&mut self, prefix: IpPrefix) -> Result<(), Finished> {
-        if !self.announced.remove(&prefix) {
+        if !self.own_announced.remove(&prefix) {
             // The peer was never told of it.
             return Ok(());
         }
diff --git a/crates/server/src/config.rs b/crates/server/src/config.rs
index 35e36ff..c52b3b4 100644
--- a/crates/server/src/config.rs
+++ b/crates/server/src/config.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
+use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr, SocketAddr};
 use std::str::FromStr;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
@@ -132,129 +132,39 @@ impl Config {
                 .ok_or_else(|| ConfigError::ClusterId(proto.cluster_id.clone()))?
         };
 
-        let listen_endpoints = if proto.listen_endpoints.is_empty() {
-            vec![
-                SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED), DEFAULT_BGP_PORT),
-                SocketAddr::new(
-                    IpAddr::V6(std::net::Ipv6Addr::UNSPECIFIED),
-                    DEFAULT_BGP_PORT,
-                ),
-            ]
-        } else {
-            proto
-                .listen_endpoints
-                .iter()
-                .map(|ep| parse_endpoint(&ep.address, ep.port))
-                .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?
-        };
+        let listen_endpoints = parse_listen_endpoints(&proto.listen_endpoints)?;
 
-        let export = Arc::new(match proto.export.as_ref() {
-            Some(export) => parse_export(export)?,
-            None => ExportPolicy::default(),
-        });
-        let export_limits = match proto.export_limits.as_ref() {
-            Some(limits) => parse_export_limits(limits)
-                .map_err(ConfigError::ExportLimits)?
-                .map(Arc::new),
-            None => None,
+        let defaults = PeerDefaults {
+            export: Arc::new(match proto.export.as_ref() {
+                Some(export) => parse_export(export)?,
+                None => ExportPolicy::default(),
+            }),
+            export_limits: match proto.export_limits.as_ref() {
+                Some(limits) => parse_export_limits(limits)
+                    .map_err(ConfigError::ExportLimits)?
+                    .map(Arc::new),
+                None => None,
+            },
+            graceful_restart: match proto.graceful_restart.as_ref() {
+                Some(own) => GracefulRestartConfig::default().overridden_by(own)?,
+                None => GracefulRestartConfig::default(),
+            },
         };
-        let graceful_restart = match proto.graceful_restart.as_ref() {
-            Some(own) => GracefulRestartConfig::default().overridden_by(own)?,
-            None => GracefulRestartConfig::default(),
+        let mut peers = parse_peers(proto.peers, proto.local_asn, &defaults)?;
+        check_roles(
+            &peers,
+            &defaults.export,
+            proto.accept_unconfigured_peers,
+            proto.local_asn,
+        )?;
+        let originate = parse_originate(&proto.originate)?;
+        let ours = Ours {
+            local_asn: proto.local_asn,
+            router_id,
+            cluster_id,
+            control_communities: proto.control_communities,
         };
-        let mut peers: Vec<PeerConfig> = Vec::with_capacity(proto.peers.len());
-        for peer in proto.peers {
-            let name = peer.name.clone();
-            let rejected = |problem| ConfigError::Peer {
-                peer: name.clone(),
-                problem,
-            };
-            let peer = parse_peer(peer, &export, export_limits.as_ref(), graceful_restart)
-                .map_err(rejected)?;
-            // RFC 9234 is about what networks are to each other.
-            if peer.role.is_some() && peer.remote_asn == proto.local_asn {
-                return Err(rejected(PeerProblem::RoleInOwnAs));
-            }
-            if peer.reflector_client && peer.remote_asn != proto.local_asn {
-                return Err(rejected(PeerProblem::ReflectorClientOutsideAs));
-            }
-            // A peer is told from the others by its name in what the
-            // dialer reports, and by its address when it connects to us.
-            if peers.iter().any(|earlier| earlier.name == peer.name) {
-                return Err(rejected(PeerProblem::DuplicateName));
-            }
-            if peers.iter().any(|earlier| {
-                earlier.endpoint.ip == peer.endpoint.ip
-                    && earlier.endpoint.interface == peer.endpoint.interface
-            }) {
-                return Err(rejected(PeerProblem::DuplicateAddress));
-            }
-            peers.push(peer);
-        }
-        // Where routes learned from one peer go on to others, which go
-        // where is decided by the peers' roles: a peer in another AS
-        // without one would have its routes go to everyone, and be told
-        // of everything.
-        let learned_go_on =
-            export.learned_routes || peers.iter().any(|peer| peer.export.learned_routes);
-        if learned_go_on
-            && let Some(peer) = peers
-                .iter()
-                .find(|peer| peer.remote_asn != proto.local_asn && peer.role.is_none())
-        {
-            return Err(ConfigError::Peer {
-                peer: peer.name.clone(),
-                problem: PeerProblem::NoRole,
-            });
-        }
-        if proto.accept_unconfigured_peers && export.learned_routes {
-            return Err(ConfigError::UnconfiguredPeersWithoutRole);
-        }
-
-        let mut originate: Vec<LocalRoute> = Vec::with_capacity(proto.originate.len());
-        for entry in &proto.originate {
-            let rejected = |problem| ConfigError::Originate {
-                prefix: entry.prefix.clone(),
-                problem,
-            };
-            let route = parse_originated_route(entry).map_err(rejected)?;
-            if originate
-                .iter()
-                .any(|earlier| earlier.prefix == route.prefix)
-            {
-                return Err(rejected(OriginateProblem::Duplicate));
-            }
-            originate.push(route);
-        }
-        // What we originate is not taken from other networks.
-        let mut own_prefixes = PrefixSet::default();
-        let mut originated = PrefixSet::default();
-        for route in &originate {
-            own_prefixes.allow(route.prefix, route.prefix.address_family().bits());
-            originated.allow(route.prefix, route.prefix.length());
-        }
-        let own_prefixes = Arc::new(own_prefixes);
-        let originated = Arc::new(originated);
-        for peer in &mut peers {
-            if peer.remote_asn == proto.local_asn {
-                peer.import.originated = Arc::clone(&originated);
-                peer.import.reflection = Some(Reflection {
-                    router_id,
-                    cluster_id,
-                });
-            } else {
-                peer.import.own_prefixes = Arc::clone(&own_prefixes);
-                // What is ours to say is not taken from other networks,
-                // unless they are to say it: customers that steer their
-                // own routes.
-                if !peer.import.accept_control_communities {
-                    peer.import.scrub = Some(Scrub {
-                        local_asn: proto.local_asn,
-                        zero: proto.control_communities,
-                    });
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        ours.tell_peers(&mut peers, &originate);
 
         let http_endpoint = match proto.http_endpoint.into_option() {
             Some(ep) if ep.port == 0 => return Err(ConfigError::HttpPort),
@@ -287,16 +197,167 @@ impl Config {
             http_endpoint,
             kernel: proto.kernel.as_ref().map(parse_kernel),
             rpki,
-            export,
-            export_limits,
+            export: defaults.export,
+            export_limits: defaults.export_limits,
             control: proto.control_communities.then_some(Control {
                 local_asn: proto.local_asn,
             }),
-            graceful_restart,
+            graceful_restart: defaults.graceful_restart,
         })
     }
 }
 
+/// Where BGP connections are taken: as configured, or on every address.
+fn parse_listen_endpoints(
+    endpoints: &[proto::TcpEndpoint],
+) -> Result<Vec<SocketAddr>, ConfigError> {
+    if endpoints.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(vec![
+            SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED), DEFAULT_BGP_PORT),
+            SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V6(Ipv6Addr::UNSPECIFIED), DEFAULT_BGP_PORT),
+        ]);
+    }
+    endpoints
+        .iter()
+        .map(|ep| parse_endpoint(&ep.address, ep.port))
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// What a peer gets that has no setting of its own.
+struct PeerDefaults {
+    export: Arc<ExportPolicy>,
+    export_limits: Option<Arc<ExportLimits>>,
+    graceful_restart: GracefulRestartConfig,
+}
+
+/// The peers, each in order on its own and told from the others: by name,
+/// which the dialer reports, and by address, which a peer that connects
+/// to us is known by.
+fn parse_peers(
+    peers: Vec<Peer>,
+    local_asn: u32,
+    defaults: &PeerDefaults,
+) -> Result<Vec<PeerConfig>, ConfigError> {
+    let mut parsed: Vec<PeerConfig> = Vec::with_capacity(peers.len());
+    for peer in peers {
+        let name = peer.name.clone();
+        let rejected = |problem| ConfigError::Peer {
+            peer: name.clone(),
+            problem,
+        };
+        let peer = parse_peer(peer, defaults).map_err(rejected)?;
+        // RFC 9234 is about what networks are to each other.
+        if peer.role.is_some() && peer.remote_asn == local_asn {
+            return Err(rejected(PeerProblem::RoleInOwnAs));
+        }
+        if peer.reflector_client && peer.remote_asn != local_asn {
+            return Err(rejected(PeerProblem::ReflectorClientOutsideAs));
+        }
+        if parsed.iter().any(|earlier| earlier.name == peer.name) {
+            return Err(rejected(PeerProblem::DuplicateName));
+        }
+        if parsed.iter().any(|earlier| {
+            earlier.endpoint.ip == peer.endpoint.ip
+                && earlier.endpoint.interface == peer.endpoint.interface
+        }) {
+            return Err(rejected(PeerProblem::DuplicateAddress));
+        }
+        parsed.push(peer);
+    }
+    Ok(parsed)
+}
+
+/// Where routes learned from one peer go on to others, which go where is
+/// decided by the peers' roles: a peer in another AS without one would
+/// have its routes go to everyone, and be told of everything. Peers that
+/// are not configured have no role either.
+fn check_roles(
+    peers: &[PeerConfig],
+    export: &ExportPolicy,
+    accept_unconfigured_peers: bool,
+    local_asn: u32,
+) -> Result<(), ConfigError> {
+    let learned_go_on =
+        export.learned_routes || peers.iter().any(|peer| peer.export.learned_routes);
+    if learned_go_on
+        && let Some(peer) = peers
+            .iter()
+            .find(|peer| peer.remote_asn != local_asn && peer.role.is_none())
+    {
+        return Err(ConfigError::Peer {
+            peer: peer.name.clone(),
+            problem: PeerProblem::NoRole,
+        });
+    }
+    if accept_unconfigured_peers && export.learned_routes {
+        return Err(ConfigError::UnconfiguredPeersWithoutRole);
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// The routes this router originates, each prefix once.
+fn parse_originate(entries: &[proto::OriginatedRoute]) -> Result<Vec<LocalRoute>, ConfigError> {
+    let mut originate: Vec<LocalRoute> = Vec::with_capacity(entries.len());
+    for entry in entries {
+        let rejected = |problem| ConfigError::Originate {
+            prefix: entry.prefix.clone(),
+            problem,
+        };
+        let route = parse_originated_route(entry).map_err(rejected)?;
+        if originate
+            .iter()
+            .any(|earlier| earlier.prefix == route.prefix)
+        {
+            return Err(rejected(OriginateProblem::Duplicate));
+        }
+        originate.push(route);
+    }
+    Ok(originate)
+}
+
+/// What is this router's own, which every peer's import policy has to
+/// know of.
+struct Ours {
+    local_asn: u32,
+    router_id: Ipv4Addr,
+    cluster_id: Ipv4Addr,
+    control_communities: bool,
+}
+
+impl Ours {
+    /// Gives each peer's import policy what of ours it is to look out
+    /// for: our routers, what we originate and how we would reflect; the
+    /// others, our address space and our communities, which are not
+    /// theirs to send unless they are to steer their own routes.
+    fn tell_peers(&self, peers: &mut [PeerConfig], originate: &[LocalRoute]) {
+        let mut own_prefixes = PrefixSet::default();
+        let mut originated = PrefixSet::default();
+        for route in originate {
+            own_prefixes.allow(route.prefix, route.prefix.address_family().bits());
+            originated.allow(route.prefix, route.prefix.length());
+        }
+        let own_prefixes = Arc::new(own_prefixes);
+        let originated = Arc::new(originated);
+        for peer in peers {
+            if peer.remote_asn == self.local_asn {
+                peer.import.originated = Arc::clone(&originated);
+                peer.import.reflection = Some(Reflection {
+                    router_id: self.router_id,
+                    cluster_id: self.cluster_id,
+                });
+            } else {
+                peer.import.own_prefixes = Arc::clone(&own_prefixes);
+                if !peer.import.accept_control_communities {
+                    peer.import.scrub = Some(Scrub {
+                        local_asn: self.local_asn,
+                        zero: self.control_communities,
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// A BGP identifier (RFC 4271 §4.2) as the configuration writes one: a
 /// dotted quad other than 0.0.0.0, which peers refuse, as we do theirs.
 fn parse_identifier(text: &str) -> Option<Ipv4Addr> {
@@ -360,12 +421,7 @@ fn parse_export_limits(
     Ok((limits != ExportLimits::default()).then_some(limits))
 }
 
-fn parse_peer(
-    peer: Peer,
-    export: &Arc<ExportPolicy>,
-    export_limits: Option<&Arc<ExportLimits>>,
-    graceful_restart: GracefulRestartConfig,
-) -> Result<PeerConfig, PeerProblem> {
+fn parse_peer(peer: Peer, defaults: &PeerDefaults) -> Result<PeerConfig, PeerProblem> {
     let ep = peer.endpoint.as_ref().ok_or(PeerProblem::MissingEndpoint)?;
     let endpoint = parse_port(ep.port)
         .and_then(|port| Ok(Endpoint::parse(&ep.address, port)?))
@@ -455,17 +511,17 @@ fn parse_peer(
         require_role: peer.require_role,
         export: match peer.export.as_ref() {
             Some(own) => Arc::new(parse_export(own)?),
-            None => Arc::clone(export),
+            None => Arc::clone(&defaults.export),
         },
         export_limits: match peer.export_limits.as_ref() {
             Some(own) => parse_export_limits(own)
                 .map_err(PeerProblem::ExportLimits)?
                 .map(Arc::new),
-            None => export_limits.cloned(),
+            None => defaults.export_limits.clone(),
         },
         graceful_restart: match peer.graceful_restart.as_ref() {
-            Some(own) => graceful_restart.overridden_by(own)?,
-            None => graceful_restart,
+            Some(own) => defaults.graceful_restart.overridden_by(own)?,
+            None => defaults.graceful_restart,
         },
         groups: peer.groups,
         reflector_client: peer.route_reflector_client,
diff --git a/crates/server/src/connection.rs b/crates/server/src/connection.rs
index eb53589..33a35e9 100644
--- a/crates/server/src/connection.rs
+++ b/crates/server/src/connection.rs
@@ -41,14 +41,13 @@ use crate::config::PeerConfig;
 use crate::error::SessionError;
 use crate::family::FamilySet;
 use crate::fsm::{Action, Event, Fsm, FsmConfig, Negotiated, Received};
+use crate::holddown::{HeldDown, HoldDowns};
 use crate::metrics::{
     EXPORT_LIMIT_EXCEEDED, MESSAGES_RECEIVED, MESSAGES_SENT, PEER_ROUTES, PREFIX_LIMIT_EXCEEDED,
     SESSIONS_ESTABLISHED_TOTAL, UPDATE_ERRORS, message_type_name,
 };
 use crate::panic::contained;
-use crate::policy::{
-    self, ExportLimits, ExportPolicy, HeldDown, HoldDowns, ImportPolicy, PeerRole,
-};
+use crate::policy::{self, ExportLimits, ExportPolicy, ImportPolicy, PeerRole};
 use crate::reach::{Reach, neighbor_at};
 use crate::refusals::{PeerRefusals, RefusalLog};
 use crate::restart::{self, Agreed, GracefulRestartConfig, Leave, Restarts};
@@ -226,11 +225,32 @@ pub async fn run_session(
         Err(panic) => Err(session.close_after_panic(panic).await),
     };
     let established = session.established.is_some();
+    hold_down_after(&session, &result);
+    // Whatever ended the session, routes learned over it are gone
+    // (RFC 4271 §8.2.2), unless the peer is restarting (RFC 4724 §4.2).
+    // Done before the registration drops, so that the routes are
+    // withdrawn, or marked stale, before the session is seen to be down.
+    if let Some(established) = session.established.take() {
+        release_routes(&session, established, &result).await;
+    }
+    session.close().await;
+    SessionEnd {
+        established,
+        result,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Keeps the peer down for a while if the session that just ended says
+/// to: a peer that sent far more than it should, or that we were to send
+/// far more than we should, will be so again on the next session, and is
+/// left alone until it or we are put right. A configured peer whose
+/// sessions keep coming up and failing is slowed down; not one that is
+/// nobody in particular, such as are only taken on a test network, where
+/// many share an address.
+fn hold_down_after(session: &Session, result: &Result<(), SessionError>) {
+    let address = PeerAddress::from(session.peer_addr);
     let hold_downs = &session.server.hold_downs;
-    // A peer that sent far more than it should, or that we were to send
-    // far more than we should, will be so again on the next session; it
-    // is left alone for a while, until it or we are put right.
-    let over_limit = match &result {
+    let over_limit = match result {
         Err(SessionError::PrefixLimitExceeded { .. }) => {
             Some((HeldDown::OverLimit, &*PREFIX_LIMIT_EXCEEDED))
         }
@@ -240,89 +260,90 @@ pub async fn run_session(
         _ => None,
     };
     if let Some((why, exceeded)) = over_limit {
-        hold_downs.hold(peer_addr.into(), session.import.hold_down, why);
+        hold_downs.hold(address, session.peer.import.hold_down, why);
         exceeded
             .with_label_values(&[session.refusals.label()])
             .inc();
     }
-    // A configured peer whose sessions keep coming up and failing is
-    // slowed down. Not one that is nobody in particular: such peers are
-    // only taken on a test network, where many share an address.
-    if let (Some(up), Some(_)) = (&session.established, &session.peer_name)
-        && let Some(hold) =
-            hold_downs.session_ended(peer_addr.into(), up.since.elapsed(), result.is_err())
+    if let (Some(up), Some(_)) = (&session.established, &session.peer.name)
+        && let Some(hold) = hold_downs.session_ended(address, up.since.elapsed(), result.is_err())
     {
         warn!(
-            peer_addr = %socket_text(peer_addr),
+            peer_addr = %socket_text(session.peer_addr),
             hold_down = ?hold,
             "The peer's sessions keep failing soon after they come up; keeping it down for a while"
         );
     }
+}
 
-    // Whatever ended the session, routes learned over it are gone
-    // (RFC 4271 §8.2.2), unless the peer is restarting (RFC 4724 §4.2).
-    // Do this before the registration drops so that the routes are
-    // withdrawn, or marked stale, before the session is seen to be down.
-    if let Some(established) = session.established.take() {
-        let leaving = *session.leave.borrow();
-        let keep_for = established
-            .graceful_restart
-            .as_ref()
-            .filter(|agreed| leaving.is_none() && restart::ends_in_restart(&result, agreed))
-            .map(|agreed| {
-                let theirs = Duration::from_secs(agreed.restart_time.into());
-                (
-                    restart::versions(&agreed.families),
-                    theirs.min(session.graceful_restart.stale_routes),
-                )
-            })
-            .filter(|(versions, time)| !versions.is_empty() && !time.is_zero());
-        let Established {
-            peer_id,
-            rib_peer,
-            routes,
-            _registration,
-            ..
-        } = established;
-        // The peer has no session to count its routes for.
-        // Fails only if the session never set it, which is nothing to do.
-        let _ = PEER_ROUTES.remove_label_values(&[session.refusals.label()]);
-        if leaving == Some(Leave::Restart) {
-            // The daemon is about to go, and its routes with it; the
-            // kernel keeps its own. Taking them out first would only hold
-            // the restart up.
-            routes.forget();
-        } else if let Some((versions, time)) = keep_for {
-            let kept = routes.keep(versions.clone()).await;
-            session.server.restarts.keep(
-                (peer_addr.into(), peer_id.asn),
-                peer_addr,
-                session.peer_name.clone(),
-                rib_peer,
-                versions,
-                kept,
-                time,
-            );
-            info!(
-                peer = %peer_id,
-                kept_routes = kept,
-                kept_for = ?time,
-                "Session ended; the peer is restarting, and its routes are kept meanwhile"
-            );
-        } else {
-            let outcome = routes.remove().await;
-            info!(
-                peer = %peer_id,
-                removed_routes = outcome.removed,
-                best_changed = outcome.best_changed,
-                "Session ended"
-            );
-        }
+/// Whether, and for how long, the routes of a session that ended as
+/// `result` says are to be kept for the peer's next session (RFC 4724
+/// §4.2): the IP versions whose routes are, and the time. `None` if they
+/// are to go now.
+fn keep_for(
+    session: &Session,
+    established: &Established,
+    result: &Result<(), SessionError>,
+) -> Option<(Vec<IpVersion>, Duration)> {
+    let agreed = established.graceful_restart.as_ref()?;
+    if session.leave.borrow().is_some() || !restart::ends_in_restart(result, agreed) {
+        return None;
     }
-    session.close().await;
-    SessionEnd {
-        established,
-        result,
+    let versions = restart::versions(&agreed.families);
+    let theirs = Duration::from_secs(agreed.restart_time.into());
+    let time = theirs.min(session.peer.graceful_restart.stale_routes);
+    (!versions.is_empty() && !time.is_zero()).then_some((versions, time))
+}
+
+/// What becomes of the routes of a session that has ended: kept for the
+/// peer's next session if it is restarting, left where they are if the
+/// daemon is, and removed otherwise.
+async fn release_routes(
+    session: &Session,
+    established: Established,
+    result: &Result<(), SessionError>,
+) {
+    let keep = keep_for(session, &established, result);
+    let Established {
+        peer_id,
+        rib_peer,
+        routes,
+        _registration,
+        ..
+    } = established;
+    // The peer has no session to count its routes for.
+    // Fails only if the session never set it, which is nothing to do.
+    let _ = PEER_ROUTES.remove_label_values(&[session.refusals.label()]);
+    if *session.leave.borrow() == Some(Leave::Restart) {
+        // The daemon is about to go, and its routes with it; the kernel
+        // keeps its own. Taking them out first would only hold the
+        // restart up.
+        routes.forget();
+    } else if let Some((versions, time)) = keep {
+        let kept = routes.keep(versions.clone()).await;
+        session.server.restarts.keep(
+            (session.peer_addr.into(), peer_id.asn),
+            session.peer_addr,
+            session.peer.name.clone(),
+            rib_peer,
+            versions,
+            kept,
+            time,
+        );
+        info!(
+            peer = %peer_id,
+            kept_routes = kept,
+            kept_for = ?time,
+            "Session ended; the peer is restarting, and its routes are kept meanwhile"
+        );
+    } else {
+        let outcome = routes.remove().await;
+        info!(
+            peer = %peer_id,
+            removed_routes = outcome.removed,
+            best_changed = outcome.best_changed,
+            "Session ended"
+        );
     }
 }
 
@@ -364,14 +385,25 @@ struct Established {
     /// again yet, if there are any.
     stale: Option<Stale>,
     /// Where the sweeps of stale routes say what they did.
-    swept: (
-        mpsc::UnboundedSender<Outcome>,
-        mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Outcome>,
-    ),
+    swept: Sweeps,
     /// Keeps the session listed in the registry.
     _registration: SessionGuard,
 }
 
+/// Where the sweeps of a session's stale routes, which run on their own
+/// threads, say what they did.
+struct Sweeps {
+    report: mpsc::UnboundedSender<Outcome>,
+    reported: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Outcome>,
+}
+
+impl Default for Sweeps {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        let (report, reported) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
+        Self { report, reported }
+    }
+}
+
 /// The routes kept from a restarting peer's last session, while its new
 /// one sends them again: those of the IP versions it has not sent an
 /// End-of-RIB marker for yet, which are kept until `until` at most.
@@ -617,24 +649,10 @@ struct Session {
     local_addr: SocketAddr,
     direction: Direction,
     server: Arc<ServerContext>,
-    /// Configured name of the peer, if it is a configured one.
-    peer_name: Option<String>,
-    /// Which of the peer's routes are taken.
-    import: Arc<ImportPolicy>,
-    /// What the peer is to us, if that is known.
-    role: Option<PeerRole>,
-    /// What the peer is told, and how.
-    export: Arc<ExportPolicy>,
-    /// Limits on what the peer is told, if it is one they are for.
-    export_limits: Option<Arc<ExportLimits>>,
-    /// The groups the session is in, for control communities.
-    groups: Arc<[u32]>,
-    /// Whether the peer is a route reflector client of ours (RFC 4456).
-    reflector_client: bool,
+    /// What is configured for the peer.
+    peer: PeerSettings,
     /// Where what is refused is noted.
     refusals: Arc<PeerRefusals>,
-    /// Graceful restart with the peer, as configured.
-    graceful_restart: GracefulRestartConfig,
     /// Says when the daemon is leaving, and how.
     leave: watch::Receiver<Option<Leave>>,
 }
@@ -656,7 +674,7 @@ impl Session {
             local_asn: server.local_asn,
             hold_time_secs: peer.hold_time_secs,
             expected_asn: peer.expected_asn,
-            families: peer.families,
+            families: peer.families.clone(),
             add_path: peer.add_path,
             role: peer.role,
             require_role: peer.require_role,
@@ -689,15 +707,8 @@ impl Session {
             local_addr,
             direction,
             server,
-            peer_name: peer.name,
-            import: peer.import,
-            role: peer.role,
-            export: peer.export,
-            export_limits: peer.export_limits,
-            groups: peer.groups,
-            reflector_client: peer.reflector_client,
+            peer,
             said: Said::new(),
-            graceful_restart: peer.graceful_restart,
             leave,
         };
         Ok((session, first_actions))
@@ -883,7 +894,7 @@ impl Session {
                             SessionError::PrefixLimitExceeded { .. } => warn!(
                                 peer_addr = %socket_text(self.peer_addr),
                                 err = %e,
-                                hold_down = ?self.import.hold_down,
+                                hold_down = ?self.peer.import.hold_down,
                                 "Ending the session and keeping the peer down"
                             ),
                             _ => error!(
@@ -934,7 +945,7 @@ impl Session {
             self.peer_addr.into(),
             negotiated.peer_identifier,
             self.direction,
-            self.peer_name.is_some(),
+            self.peer.name.is_some(),
         );
         if self.collision.is_none() {
             info!(peer_addr = %socket_text(self.peer_addr), "Closing connection: lost collision resolution");
@@ -968,7 +979,7 @@ impl Session {
             interface: PeerAddress::from(self.peer_addr).interface,
             ibgp: negotiated.ibgp,
             // The configuration allows it only inside our AS.
-            reflector_client: self.reflector_client && negotiated.ibgp,
+            reflector_client: self.peer.reflector_client && negotiated.ibgp,
         };
         // A peer back from a restart takes over the routes kept of it.
         let kept = self
@@ -987,50 +998,9 @@ impl Session {
             collision.set_established();
         }
         let (outbound_tx, outbound) = mpsc::channel(OUTBOUND_QUEUE_CAPACITY);
-        let mut handle = SessionHandle::new(
-            peer_id,
-            self.peer_name.clone(),
-            self.direction,
-            self.local_addr,
-            negotiated,
-            rib_peer,
-            outbound_tx,
-        );
-        handle.role = self.role;
-        handle.role_confirmed = negotiated.role_confirmed;
-        handle.export = Arc::clone(&self.export);
-        // To a network above or beside us, or one we know nothing of.
-        handle.export_limits = self
-            .export_limits
-            .clone()
-            .filter(|_| ExportLimits::apply_to(self.role, negotiated.ibgp));
+        let mut handle = self.session_handle(negotiated, peer_id, rib_peer, outbound_tx);
         let ending = handle.listen_for_end();
-        handle.groups = Arc::clone(&self.groups);
-        handle.reflector_client = self.reflector_client && negotiated.ibgp;
-        // Routes from other networks are validated, where there is data
-        // to validate against and the peer's policy does not say to take
-        // invalid ones anyway.
-        let subject = Subject::of(
-            &self.import,
-            self.role,
-            negotiated.peer_asn,
-            negotiated.ibgp,
-        );
-        // And where routes go into the kernel, a route has to have a next
-        // hop the kernel can use.
-        let reach = self
-            .server
-            .interfaces
-            .clone()
-            .map(|interfaces| Reach::new(interfaces, neighbor_at(self.peer_addr)));
-        let subject = subject.filter(|_| self.server.rpki.is_some());
-        let validation =
-            Validator::new(self.server.rpki.clone().zip(subject), reach).map(|validator| {
-                Validation {
-                    validator,
-                    changes: handle.validate(subject),
-                }
-            });
+        let validation = self.validation(&mut handle, negotiated);
         self.established = Some(Established {
             since: Instant::now(),
             validation,
@@ -1040,22 +1010,13 @@ impl Session {
             graceful_restart: negotiated.graceful_restart.clone(),
             end_of_rib: FamilySet::default(),
             stale: None,
-            swept: mpsc::unbounded_channel(),
+            swept: Sweeps::default(),
             peer_id,
             rib_peer,
             outbound,
             ending,
             routes: PeerRoutes::new(Arc::clone(&self.server.rib), rib_peer),
-            from: policy::RouteSource {
-                peer_asn: negotiated.peer_asn,
-                local_asn: self.server.local_asn,
-                ibgp: negotiated.ibgp,
-                four_octet_asn: negotiated.four_octet_asn,
-                role: self.role,
-                peer_address: self.peer_addr.ip(),
-                local_address: self.local_addr.ip(),
-                extended_next_hop: negotiated.extended_next_hop,
-            },
+            from: self.route_source(negotiated),
             counters: Arc::clone(&handle.counters),
             routes_metric: PEER_ROUTES.with_label_values(&[self.refusals.label()]),
             _registration: self.server.registry.register(handle),
@@ -1066,6 +1027,80 @@ impl Session {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// The session as the rest of the server is to see it: what was
+    /// negotiated, and what is configured for the peer.
+    fn session_handle(
+        &self,
+        negotiated: &Negotiated,
+        peer_id: PeerId,
+        rib_peer: PeerIndex,
+        outbound: mpsc::Sender<Message>,
+    ) -> SessionHandle {
+        let peer = &self.peer;
+        let mut handle = SessionHandle::new(
+            peer_id,
+            peer.name.clone(),
+            self.direction,
+            self.local_addr,
+            negotiated,
+            rib_peer,
+            outbound,
+        );
+        handle.role = peer.role;
+        handle.role_confirmed = negotiated.role_confirmed;
+        handle.export = Arc::clone(&peer.export);
+        // To a network above or beside us, or one we know nothing of.
+        handle.export_limits = peer
+            .export_limits
+            .clone()
+            .filter(|_| ExportLimits::apply_to(peer.role, negotiated.ibgp));
+        handle.groups = Arc::clone(&peer.groups);
+        // The configuration allows it only inside our AS.
+        handle.reflector_client = peer.reflector_client && negotiated.ibgp;
+        handle
+    }
+
+    /// How the peer's routes are checked as the world changes, if they
+    /// are: against the RPKI, where there is data to validate against and
+    /// the peer's policy does not say to take invalid routes anyway; and,
+    /// where routes go into the kernel, for a next hop the kernel can use.
+    fn validation(
+        &self,
+        handle: &mut SessionHandle,
+        negotiated: &Negotiated,
+    ) -> Option<Validation> {
+        let subject = Subject::of(
+            &self.peer.import,
+            self.peer.role,
+            negotiated.peer_asn,
+            negotiated.ibgp,
+        )
+        .filter(|_| self.server.rpki.is_some());
+        let reach = self
+            .server
+            .interfaces
+            .clone()
+            .map(|interfaces| Reach::new(interfaces, neighbor_at(self.peer_addr)));
+        Validator::new(self.server.rpki.clone().zip(subject), reach).map(|validator| Validation {
+            validator,
+            changes: handle.validate(subject),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Whose routes the import policy is judging.
+    fn route_source(&self, negotiated: &Negotiated) -> policy::RouteSource {
+        policy::RouteSource {
+            peer_asn: negotiated.peer_asn,
+            local_asn: self.server.local_asn,
+            ibgp: negotiated.ibgp,
+            four_octet_asn: negotiated.four_octet_asn,
+            role: self.peer.role,
+            peer_address: self.peer_addr.ip(),
+            local_address: self.local_addr.ip(),
+            extended_next_hop: negotiated.extended_next_hop,
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Takes over the routes kept from the peer's last session, which are
     /// stale until it sends them again (RFC 4724 §4.2). Those of the
     /// families whose forwarding it did not keep over its restart, or all
@@ -1099,13 +1134,13 @@ impl Session {
                 &self.server.rib,
                 established.rib_peer,
                 go,
-                &established.swept.0,
+                &established.swept.report,
             );
         }
         if !stay.is_empty() {
             established.stale = Some(Stale {
                 versions: stay,
-                until: Box::pin(sleep(self.graceful_restart.stale_routes)),
+                until: Box::pin(sleep(self.peer.graceful_restart.stale_routes)),
             });
         }
     }
@@ -1130,10 +1165,10 @@ impl Session {
                 &self.server.rib,
                 established.rib_peer,
                 vec![version],
-                &established.swept.0,
+                &established.swept.report,
             );
         }
-        if let Some(name) = &self.peer_name
+        if let Some(name) = &self.peer.name
             && established
                 .families
                 .iter()
@@ -1158,7 +1193,7 @@ impl Session {
                 &self.server.rib,
                 established.rib_peer,
                 stale.versions,
-                &established.swept.0,
+                &established.swept.report,
             );
         }
     }
@@ -1178,7 +1213,7 @@ impl Session {
         }
         // Every route swept away was stale.
         established.counters.clear_stale(outcome.removed);
-        match established.account(outcome, 0, &self.import) {
+        match established.account(outcome, 0, &self.peer.import) {
             Ok(()) => vec![],
             Err(e) => self.fsm.handle(Event::LocalFailure(e)),
         }
@@ -1193,7 +1228,7 @@ impl Session {
         let Some(established) = &mut self.established else {
             return Ok(());
         };
-        let (import, held) = established.import(&self.import, &self.refusals);
+        let (import, held) = established.import(&self.peer.import, &self.refusals);
         let routes::Applied { outcome, rejected } =
             routes::apply(&self.server.rib, &import, held, update, attributes_wire)?;
         // One line for every UPDATE is too much to log by default: a full
@@ -1207,7 +1242,7 @@ impl Session {
             best_changed = outcome.best_changed,
             "Received UPDATE"
         );
-        established.account(&outcome, rejected, &self.import)
+        established.account(&outcome, rejected, &self.peer.import)
     }
 
     /// Looks at the peer's routes again after the validation data has
@@ -1217,7 +1252,7 @@ impl Session {
         let Some(established) = &mut self.established else {
             return vec![];
         };
-        let (import, held) = established.import(&self.import, &self.refusals);
+        let (import, held) = established.import(&self.peer.import, &self.refusals);
         let routes::Applied { outcome, rejected } =
             routes::revalidate(&self.server.rib, &import, held, suspects);
         if outcome != Outcome::default() {
@@ -1229,7 +1264,7 @@ impl Session {
                 "Revalidated the peer's routes"
             );
         }
-        if let Err(e) = established.account(&outcome, rejected, &self.import) {
+        if let Err(e) = established.account(&outcome, rejected, &self.peer.import) {
             return self.fsm.handle(Event::LocalFailure(e));
         }
         // Invalid routes that there was no room to hold may be acceptable
@@ -1343,7 +1378,7 @@ async fn from_server(established: &mut Option<Established>) -> Wake {
         Some(error) = ending.recv() => Wake::Event(Event::LocalFailure(error)),
         Some(msg) = outbound.recv() => Wake::Event(Event::Outbound(msg)),
         Some(suspects) = invalidated => Wake::Revalidate(suspects),
-        Some(outcome) = swept.1.recv() => Wake::Swept(outcome),
+        Some(outcome) = swept.reported.recv() => Wake::Swept(outcome),
         () = stale_timeout => Wake::StaleTimeout,
         // The registry holds the sending halves for as long as the session
         // is registered, so neither closes under us; if they somehow did,
diff --git a/crates/server/src/export.rs b/crates/server/src/export.rs
index 52083bf..8acc6e3 100644
--- a/crates/server/src/export.rs
+++ b/crates/server/src/export.rs
@@ -161,26 +161,46 @@ impl Egress<'_> {
         source: Source,
         routes: IpVersion,
     ) -> Option<Outgoing> {
+        let reflected = source.ibgp && self.towards.ibgp;
+        if !self.may_go(&attributes, source, reflected) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let came_with = next_hop.or_else(|| {
+            attributes.iter().find_map(|attribute| match attribute {
+                PathAttribute::NextHop(next_hop) => Some(NlriNextHop::Ipv4(next_hop.0)),
+                _ => None,
+            })
+        });
+        if !self.rewrite(&mut attributes, source, reflected) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let next_hop = self.next_hop_for(routes, came_with)?;
+        Some(Outgoing {
+            attributes,
+            next_hop,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Whether a route with these attributes, from `source`, is for this
+    /// session at all, as far as who may be told of what goes: the export
+    /// policy, route reflection, the AS path, the well-known communities
+    /// and the Only to Customer mark.
+    fn may_go(&self, attributes: &[PathAttribute], source: Source, reflected: bool) -> bool {
         let towards = &self.towards;
         if !self.policy.learned_routes || source.peer == self.rib_peer {
-            return None;
+            return false;
         }
         // From one router of our AS to another only by way of a route
         // reflector, which we are only for our clients: what a client sends
         // goes to all our routers, and what the others send goes to the
         // clients (RFC 4456 §6).
-        let reflected = source.ibgp && towards.ibgp;
         if reflected && !source.reflector_client && !self.reflection.client {
-            return None;
+            return false;
         }
-        let mut came_with = next_hop;
         let mut marked = false;
         let mut on_path = false;
-        for attribute in &attributes {
+        for attribute in attributes {
             match attribute {
-                PathAttribute::NextHop(next_hop) => {
-                    came_with = came_with.or(Some(NlriNextHop::Ipv4(next_hop.0)));
-                }
                 PathAttribute::OnlyToCustomer(_) => marked = true,
                 PathAttribute::AsPath(path) => {
                     on_path = path
@@ -193,24 +213,36 @@ impl Egress<'_> {
         }
         // The peer would refuse it as having been there before.
         if on_path && !towards.ibgp {
-            return None;
+            return false;
         }
         // Whoever sent it said how far it may go (RFC 1997). On a route
         // of our own the same communities are for those who get it from
         // us, and it goes out with them.
-        if !well_known_allow(communities_of(&attributes).0, towards.ibgp) {
-            return None;
+        if !well_known_allow(communities_of(attributes).0, towards.ibgp) {
+            return false;
         }
         // It came down or across once: it goes on down only.
-        if marked
+        let only_down = marked
             && !towards.ibgp
             && towards
                 .role
-                .is_some_and(|role| !role.may_be_sent_only_to_customer_routes())
-        {
-            return None;
-        }
+                .is_some_and(|role| !role.may_be_sent_only_to_customer_routes());
+        !only_down
+    }
 
+    /// Makes the attributes those of the route as this session announces
+    /// it: what is ours to say is taken off, what is for routers of the
+    /// AS it was learned in stays only inside ours, a reflected route gets
+    /// its reflection attributes, and the path and LOCAL_PREF are as the
+    /// peer is to see them. Then the session's own marks ([`Egress::dress`]).
+    /// `false` if the route is not to go after all.
+    fn rewrite(
+        &self,
+        attributes: &mut Vec<PathAttribute>,
+        source: Source,
+        reflected: bool,
+    ) -> bool {
+        let towards = &self.towards;
         let transparent = self.transparent();
         attributes.retain_mut(|attribute| match attribute {
             // Ours to say, each way.
@@ -237,8 +269,8 @@ impl Egress<'_> {
             }
             _ => true,
         });
-        if reflected && !self.reflect(&mut attributes, source) {
-            return None;
+        if reflected && !self.reflect(attributes, source) {
+            return false;
         }
         if towards.ibgp {
             if !attributes
@@ -246,7 +278,7 @@ impl Egress<'_> {
                 .any(|attribute| matches!(attribute, PathAttribute::LocalPref(_)))
             {
                 marks::put(
-                    &mut attributes,
+                    attributes,
                     PathAttribute::LocalPref(LocalPrefPathAttribute(DEFAULT_LOCAL_PREF)),
                 );
             }
@@ -258,17 +290,24 @@ impl Egress<'_> {
             }) {
                 Some(path) => prepend(path, ours),
                 None => marks::put(
-                    &mut attributes,
+                    attributes,
                     AsPathAttribute::from_asns(vec![towards.local_asn]),
                 ),
             }
         }
-        if !self.dress(&mut attributes) {
-            return None;
-        }
+        self.dress(attributes)
+    }
 
-        // Ourselves, unless we are a route server and the client can use
-        // the next hop the route came with.
+    /// The next hop of a route for prefixes of IP version `routes`:
+    /// ourselves, unless we are a route server and the client can use the
+    /// next hop the route came with. `None` where our address on the
+    /// session is of the wrong kind for the routes.
+    fn next_hop_for(
+        &self,
+        routes: IpVersion,
+        came_with: Option<NlriNextHop>,
+    ) -> Option<NlriNextHop> {
+        let towards = &self.towards;
         let ours = match (routes, towards.next_hop) {
             (IpVersion::Ipv4, IpAddr::V4(ours)) => NlriNextHop::Ipv4(ours),
             (IpVersion::Ipv6, IpAddr::V6(ours)) => ipv6_next_hop(ours),
@@ -278,13 +317,11 @@ impl Egress<'_> {
         let same_kind = |theirs: &NlriNextHop| {
             matches!(theirs, NlriNextHop::Ipv4(_)) == matches!(ours, NlriNextHop::Ipv4(_))
         };
-        let next_hop = came_with
-            .filter(|theirs| transparent && same_kind(theirs))
-            .unwrap_or(ours);
-        Some(Outgoing {
-            attributes,
-            next_hop,
-        })
+        Some(
+            came_with
+                .filter(|theirs| self.transparent() && same_kind(theirs))
+                .unwrap_or(ours),
+        )
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/server/src/fsm.rs b/crates/server/src/fsm.rs
index 0902c68..e803c38 100644
--- a/crates/server/src/fsm.rs
+++ b/crates/server/src/fsm.rs
@@ -352,34 +352,9 @@ impl Fsm {
             });
         }
 
-        // RFC 9234 §4.2: the two ends have to agree on what they are to
-        // each other.
-        let mut their_roles = open
-            .capabilities()
-            .filter_map(|capability| match capability {
-                Capability::BgpRole { role } => Some(*role),
-                _ => None,
-            });
-        let their_role = their_roles.next();
-        let role_mismatch = |theirs| SessionError::RoleMismatch {
-            configured: self.config.role,
-            theirs,
-        };
-        // Saying it twice is saying it once; saying two things is saying
-        // nothing that can be relied on.
-        if their_roles.any(|role| Some(role) != their_role) {
-            return self.fail(role_mismatch(None));
-        }
-        let role_confirmed = match (self.config.role, their_role) {
-            (Some(configured), Some(theirs)) if theirs == configured.theirs() => true,
-            (Some(_), Some(theirs)) => return self.fail(role_mismatch(Some(theirs))),
-            (Some(_), None) if self.config.require_role => {
-                return self.fail(role_mismatch(None));
-            }
-            // A peer that does not say is taken at our word for it; and
-            // what a peer says of itself means nothing where nothing is
-            // configured to hold it against.
-            (Some(_), None) | (None, _) => false,
+        let role_confirmed = match self.negotiate_role(&open) {
+            Ok(confirmed) => confirmed,
+            Err(e) => return self.fail(e),
         };
 
         let ours = self.config.families.clone();
@@ -388,26 +363,7 @@ impl Fsm {
         if families.is_empty() {
             return self.fail(SessionError::NoCommonAddressFamily { ours, theirs });
         }
-
-        // ADD-PATH is in use in a direction, for a family the session
-        // carries, when one side offered to send and the other to receive
-        // (RFC 7911 §4).
-        let (mut add_path_receive, mut add_path_send) =
-            (FamilySet::default(), FamilySet::default());
-        if let Some(ours) = self.config.add_path {
-            let theirs = open.capabilities().flat_map(|capability| match capability {
-                Capability::AddPath { entries } => entries.as_slice(),
-                _ => &[],
-            });
-            for entry in theirs.filter(|entry| families.contains(entry.family())) {
-                if ours.receives() && entry.send_recv.sends() {
-                    add_path_receive.insert(entry.family());
-                }
-                if ours.sends() && entry.send_recv.receives() {
-                    add_path_send.insert(entry.family());
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        let (add_path_receive, add_path_send) = self.negotiate_add_path(&open, &families);
 
         // RFC 4724 §3: in use if both offered it.
         let graceful_restart = self
@@ -522,6 +478,64 @@ impl Fsm {
         actions
     }
 
+    /// What the peer says it is to us, held against what is configured
+    /// (RFC 9234 §4.2): whether the two agree, or an error if they do not.
+    /// A peer that does not say is taken at our word for it, unless it is
+    /// required to; what a peer says of itself means nothing where nothing
+    /// is configured to hold it against.
+    fn negotiate_role(&self, open: &OpenMessage) -> Result<bool, SessionError> {
+        let mut their_roles = open
+            .capabilities()
+            .filter_map(|capability| match capability {
+                Capability::BgpRole { role } => Some(*role),
+                _ => None,
+            });
+        let their_role = their_roles.next();
+        let mismatch = |theirs| SessionError::RoleMismatch {
+            configured: self.config.role,
+            theirs,
+        };
+        // Saying it twice is saying it once; saying two things is saying
+        // nothing that can be relied on.
+        if their_roles.any(|role| Some(role) != their_role) {
+            return Err(mismatch(None));
+        }
+        match (self.config.role, their_role) {
+            (Some(configured), Some(theirs)) if theirs == configured.theirs() => Ok(true),
+            (Some(_), Some(theirs)) => Err(mismatch(Some(theirs))),
+            (Some(_), None) if self.config.require_role => Err(mismatch(None)),
+            (Some(_), None) | (None, _) => Ok(false),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The families the peer sends us several routes for a prefix in, and
+    /// those we send it several in: ADD-PATH is in use in a direction, for
+    /// a family the session carries, when one side offered to send and the
+    /// other to receive (RFC 7911 §4).
+    fn negotiate_add_path(
+        &self,
+        open: &OpenMessage,
+        families: &FamilySet,
+    ) -> (FamilySet, FamilySet) {
+        let (mut receive, mut send) = (FamilySet::default(), FamilySet::default());
+        let Some(ours) = self.config.add_path else {
+            return (receive, send);
+        };
+        let theirs = open.capabilities().flat_map(|capability| match capability {
+            Capability::AddPath { entries } => entries.as_slice(),
+            _ => &[],
+        });
+        for entry in theirs.filter(|entry| families.contains(entry.family())) {
+            if ours.receives() && entry.send_recv.sends() {
+                receive.insert(entry.family());
+            }
+            if ours.sends() && entry.send_recv.receives() {
+                send.insert(entry.family());
+            }
+        }
+        (receive, send)
+    }
+
     /// `notification` as it goes to the peer: where NOTIFICATIONs count as
     /// restarts (RFC 8538) and this one is `for_good`, as a Hard Reset, so
     /// that the peer drops our routes rather than keeping them.
diff --git a/crates/server/src/holddown.rs b/crates/server/src/holddown.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fe1c05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/server/src/holddown.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+//! Peers that are being kept down for a while: those that went over a
+//! limit, ours or theirs, and those whose sessions keep failing.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+use crate::address::PeerAddress;
+use crate::sync::IgnorePoison;
+
+/// Why a peer is being kept down.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum HeldDown {
+    /// It went over its limit of routes.
+    OverLimit,
+    /// We were to announce it more routes than its export limit allows.
+    OverExportLimit,
+    /// Its sessions keep coming up and failing.
+    Flapping,
+}
+
+impl HeldDown {
+    pub fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::OverLimit => "held down after going over its limit of routes",
+            Self::OverExportLimit => {
+                "held down after more routes were to be advertised to it than its export limit allows"
+            }
+            Self::Flapping => "held down because its sessions keep failing",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A session that fails sooner than this after coming up counts as a
+/// flap.
+const FLAP_WITHIN: Duration = Duration::from_secs(60);
+/// This many flaps in a row are let pass: a router being restarted, a
+/// cable put back.
+const FLAPS_ALLOWED: u32 = 2;
+/// How long a peer is kept down after the first flap too many; twice as
+/// long after each one more, up to `FLAP_HOLD_MAX`.
+const FLAP_HOLD: Duration = Duration::from_secs(1);
+const FLAP_HOLD_MAX: Duration = Duration::from_secs(300);
+
+/// Peers that are being kept down, and until when: those that went over
+/// their limit, and those whose sessions keep failing. Shared by the
+/// sessions, which put peers here, and by the dialer and the listeners,
+/// which leave them alone meanwhile.
+///
+/// Every session that comes up and goes costs a look at every route in
+/// the table, and tells every other peer of the changes. A peer that
+/// does so over and over, by fault or by design, is slowed down.
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct HoldDowns {
+    held: Mutex<HashMap<PeerAddress, (Instant, HeldDown)>>,
+    /// How many times in a row each peer's session has failed soon after
+    /// coming up.
+    flaps: Mutex<HashMap<PeerAddress, u32>>,
+}
+
+impl HoldDowns {
+    /// Keeps the peer at `address` down for `duration` from now.
+    pub fn hold(&self, address: PeerAddress, duration: Duration, why: HeldDown) {
+        let until = Instant::now() + duration;
+        let mut held = self.held.locked();
+        // Not for less long than it already is.
+        if held
+            .get(&address)
+            .is_none_or(|(already, _)| *already < until)
+        {
+            held.insert(address, (until, why));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// How much longer the peer at `address` is kept down, if it is, and
+    /// why.
+    pub fn remaining(&self, address: PeerAddress) -> Option<(Duration, HeldDown)> {
+        let mut held = self.held.locked();
+        let (until, why) = *held.get(&address)?;
+        let remaining = until.saturating_duration_since(Instant::now());
+        if remaining.is_zero() {
+            held.remove(&address);
+            return None;
+        }
+        Some((remaining, why))
+    }
+
+    /// A session with the peer at `address` that had come up has ended,
+    /// `lasted` after it did; `failed` if not at our own wish. Returns for
+    /// how long the peer is kept down for it, if it is.
+    pub fn session_ended(
+        &self,
+        address: PeerAddress,
+        lasted: Duration,
+        failed: bool,
+    ) -> Option<Duration> {
+        let mut flaps = self.flaps.locked();
+        if !failed || lasted >= FLAP_WITHIN {
+            flaps.remove(&address);
+            return None;
+        }
+        let count = flaps.entry(address).or_insert(0);
+        *count += 1;
+        let over = count.checked_sub(FLAPS_ALLOWED + 1)?;
+        let hold = FLAP_HOLD
+            .checked_mul(1u32.checked_shl(over).unwrap_or(u32::MAX))
+            .map_or(FLAP_HOLD_MAX, |hold| hold.min(FLAP_HOLD_MAX));
+        drop(flaps);
+        self.hold(address, hold, HeldDown::Flapping);
+        Some(hold)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_peer_is_held_down_for_as_long_as_was_said() {
+        let held = HoldDowns::default();
+        let address = PeerAddress::from("192.0.2.1".parse::<std::net::IpAddr>().unwrap());
+        let other = PeerAddress::from("192.0.2.2".parse::<std::net::IpAddr>().unwrap());
+
+        // Two failures soon after coming up are let pass; from the third
+        // the peer is kept down, twice as long each time, up to a limit.
+        let flaps = HoldDowns::default();
+        let soon = Duration::from_secs(5);
+        assert_eq!(flaps.session_ended(address, soon, true), None);
+        assert_eq!(flaps.session_ended(address, soon, true), None);
+        assert_eq!(flaps.session_ended(address, soon, true), Some(FLAP_HOLD));
+        assert_eq!(
+            flaps.session_ended(address, soon, true),
+            Some(2 * FLAP_HOLD)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            flaps.remaining(address).map(|(_, why)| why),
+            Some(HeldDown::Flapping)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(flaps.remaining(other), None, "each peer for itself");
+        for _ in 0..40 {
+            flaps.session_ended(address, soon, true);
+        }
+        assert_eq!(
+            flaps.session_ended(address, soon, true),
+            Some(FLAP_HOLD_MAX)
+        );
+        // A session that lasted, or that we ended ourselves, starts the
+        // count over.
+        assert_eq!(flaps.session_ended(address, FLAP_WITHIN, true), None);
+        assert_eq!(flaps.session_ended(address, soon, true), None);
+        assert_eq!(flaps.session_ended(address, soon, false), None);
+        assert_eq!(flaps.session_ended(address, soon, true), None);
+        assert_eq!(held.remaining(address), None);
+
+        held.hold(address, Duration::from_secs(600), HeldDown::OverLimit);
+        let (remaining, why) = held.remaining(address).expect("held");
+        assert!(remaining > Duration::from_secs(590), "{remaining:?}");
+        assert_eq!(why, HeldDown::OverLimit);
+        assert_eq!(held.remaining(other), None);
+        // Not made shorter by a lesser reason.
+        held.hold(address, Duration::from_secs(1), HeldDown::Flapping);
+        let (remaining, why) = held.remaining(address).expect("held");
+        assert!(remaining > Duration::from_secs(590), "{remaining:?}");
+        assert_eq!(why, HeldDown::OverLimit);
+
+        held.hold(other, Duration::ZERO, HeldDown::OverLimit);
+        assert_eq!(held.remaining(other), None);
+        assert_eq!(
+            held.held.locked().len(),
+            1,
+            "a hold that is over is forgotten"
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/server/src/lib.rs b/crates/server/src/lib.rs
index bb58d69..addb0bb 100644
--- a/crates/server/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/server/src/lib.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ pub mod error;
 pub mod export;
 pub mod family;
 mod fsm;
+pub(crate) mod holddown;
 pub mod marks;
 pub mod metrics;
 mod panic;
diff --git a/crates/server/src/policy.rs b/crates/server/src/policy.rs
index 957842a..27f6bf6 100644
--- a/crates/server/src/policy.rs
+++ b/crates/server/src/policy.rs
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr};
-use std::sync::{Arc, LazyLock, Mutex};
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+use std::sync::{Arc, LazyLock};
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 use bgp_packet::message::{
     AS_TRANS, AsPathAttribute, LocalPrefPathAttribute, NlriNextHop, PathAttribute,
@@ -36,9 +36,7 @@ use bgp_packet::open::BgpRole;
 use bgp_primitives::constants::IpVersion;
 use bgp_primitives::ip_prefix::IpPrefix;
 
-use crate::address::PeerAddress;
 use crate::marks::{self, Marks, Patterns, Scrub};
-use crate::sync::IgnorePoison;
 
 /// The longest prefixes routed between networks: anything more specific is
 /// filtered nearly everywhere, and is usually a leak of internal routes.
@@ -906,109 +904,6 @@ impl PrefixSet {
     }
 }
 
-/// Why a peer is being kept down.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum HeldDown {
-    /// It went over its limit of routes.
-    OverLimit,
-    /// We were to announce it more routes than its export limit allows.
-    OverExportLimit,
-    /// Its sessions keep coming up and failing.
-    Flapping,
-}
-
-impl HeldDown {
-    pub fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            Self::OverLimit => "held down after going over its limit of routes",
-            Self::OverExportLimit => {
-                "held down after more routes were to be advertised to it than its export limit allows"
-            }
-            Self::Flapping => "held down because its sessions keep failing",
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// A session that fails sooner than this after coming up counts as a
-/// flap.
-const FLAP_WITHIN: Duration = Duration::from_secs(60);
-/// This many flaps in a row are let pass: a router being restarted, a
-/// cable put back.
-const FLAPS_ALLOWED: u32 = 2;
-/// How long a peer is kept down after the first flap too many; twice as
-/// long after each one more, up to `FLAP_HOLD_MAX`.
-const FLAP_HOLD: Duration = Duration::from_secs(1);
-const FLAP_HOLD_MAX: Duration = Duration::from_secs(300);
-
-/// Peers that are being kept down, and until when: those that went over
-/// their limit, and those whose sessions keep failing. Shared by the
-/// sessions, which put peers here, and by the dialer and the listeners,
-/// which leave them alone meanwhile.
-///
-/// Every session that comes up and goes costs a look at every route in
-/// the table, and tells every other peer of the changes. A peer that
-/// does so over and over, by fault or by design, is slowed down.
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
-pub struct HoldDowns {
-    held: Mutex<HashMap<PeerAddress, (Instant, HeldDown)>>,
-    /// How many times in a row each peer's session has failed soon after
-    /// coming up.
-    flaps: Mutex<HashMap<PeerAddress, u32>>,
-}
-
-impl HoldDowns {
-    /// Keeps the peer at `address` down for `duration` from now.
-    pub fn hold(&self, address: PeerAddress, duration: Duration, why: HeldDown) {
-        let until = Instant::now() + duration;
-        let mut held = self.held.locked();
-        // Not for less long than it already is.
-        if held
-            .get(&address)
-            .is_none_or(|(already, _)| *already < until)
-        {
-            held.insert(address, (until, why));
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// How much longer the peer at `address` is kept down, if it is, and
-    /// why.
-    pub fn remaining(&self, address: PeerAddress) -> Option<(Duration, HeldDown)> {
-        let mut held = self.held.locked();
-        let (until, why) = *held.get(&address)?;
-        let remaining = until.saturating_duration_since(Instant::now());
-        if remaining.is_zero() {
-            held.remove(&address);
-            return None;
-        }
-        Some((remaining, why))
-    }
-
-    /// A session with the peer at `address` that had come up has ended,
-    /// `lasted` after it did; `failed` if not at our own wish. Returns for
-    /// how long the peer is kept down for it, if it is.
-    pub fn session_ended(
-        &self,
-        address: PeerAddress,
-        lasted: Duration,
-        failed: bool,
-    ) -> Option<Duration> {
-        let mut flaps = self.flaps.locked();
-        if !failed || lasted >= FLAP_WITHIN {
-            flaps.remove(&address);
-            return None;
-        }
-        let count = flaps.entry(address).or_insert(0);
-        *count += 1;
-        let over = count.checked_sub(FLAPS_ALLOWED + 1)?;
-        let hold = FLAP_HOLD
-            .checked_mul(1u32.checked_shl(over).unwrap_or(u32::MAX))
-            .map_or(FLAP_HOLD_MAX, |hold| hold.min(FLAP_HOLD_MAX));
-        drop(flaps);
-        self.hold(address, hold, HeldDown::Flapping);
-        Some(hold)
-    }
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use bgp_packet::message::{AsPathSegment, CommunitiesPathAttribute};
@@ -1744,63 +1639,6 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn a_peer_is_held_down_for_as_long_as_was_said() {
-        let held = HoldDowns::default();
-        let address = PeerAddress::from("192.0.2.1".parse::<std::net::IpAddr>().unwrap());
-        let other = PeerAddress::from("192.0.2.2".parse::<std::net::IpAddr>().unwrap());
-
-        // Two failures soon after coming up are let pass; from the third
-        // the peer is kept down, twice as long each time, up to a limit.
-        let flaps = HoldDowns::default();
-        let soon = Duration::from_secs(5);
-        assert_eq!(flaps.session_ended(address, soon, true), None);
-        assert_eq!(flaps.session_ended(address, soon, true), None);
-        assert_eq!(flaps.session_ended(address, soon, true), Some(FLAP_HOLD));
-        assert_eq!(
-            flaps.session_ended(address, soon, true),
-            Some(2 * FLAP_HOLD)
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            flaps.remaining(address).map(|(_, why)| why),
-            Some(HeldDown::Flapping)
-        );
-        assert_eq!(flaps.remaining(other), None, "each peer for itself");
-        for _ in 0..40 {
-            flaps.session_ended(address, soon, true);
-        }
-        assert_eq!(
-            flaps.session_ended(address, soon, true),
-            Some(FLAP_HOLD_MAX)
-        );
-        // A session that lasted, or that we ended ourselves, starts the
-        // count over.
-        assert_eq!(flaps.session_ended(address, FLAP_WITHIN, true), None);
-        assert_eq!(flaps.session_ended(address, soon, true), None);
-        assert_eq!(flaps.session_ended(address, soon, false), None);
-        assert_eq!(flaps.session_ended(address, soon, true), None);
-        assert_eq!(held.remaining(address), None);
-
-        held.hold(address, Duration::from_secs(600), HeldDown::OverLimit);
-        let (remaining, why) = held.remaining(address).expect("held");
-        assert!(remaining > Duration::from_secs(590), "{remaining:?}");
-        assert_eq!(why, HeldDown::OverLimit);
-        assert_eq!(held.remaining(other), None);
-        // Not made shorter by a lesser reason.
-        held.hold(address, Duration::from_secs(1), HeldDown::Flapping);
-        let (remaining, why) = held.remaining(address).expect("held");
-        assert!(remaining > Duration::from_secs(590), "{remaining:?}");
-        assert_eq!(why, HeldDown::OverLimit);
-
-        held.hold(other, Duration::ZERO, HeldDown::OverLimit);
-        assert_eq!(held.remaining(other), None);
-        assert_eq!(
-            held.held.locked().len(),
-            1,
-            "a hold that is over is forgotten"
-        );
-    }
-
     /// The quick look at a prefix's first octets never lets through what
     /// the list has.
     fn assert_quick_check_agrees(prefix: IpPrefix) {
diff --git a/crates/server/src/server.rs b/crates/server/src/server.rs
index 7c57519..d487d26 100644
--- a/crates/server/src/server.rs
+++ b/crates/server/src/server.rs
@@ -25,9 +25,10 @@ use crate::config::{Config, PeerConfig};
 use crate::connection::{PeerSettings, ServerContext, off_thread, run_session};
 use crate::dialer::spawn_dialers;
 use crate::error::ServerError;
+use crate::holddown::HoldDowns;
 use crate::metrics::{CONNECTIONS_REFUSED, PEER_MAX_PREFIXES};
 use crate::panic;
-use crate::policy::{ExportLimits, HoldDowns};
+use crate::policy::ExportLimits;
 use crate::reach;
 use crate::refusals::RefusalLog;
 use crate::restart::{Leave, Restarts};
@@ -178,32 +179,9 @@ impl BgpServer {
 
     /// Runs the server. Returns only if something it cannot do without has
     /// failed, after closing its sessions.
-    pub async fn run(self) -> Result<(), ServerError> {
+    pub async fn run(mut self) -> Result<(), ServerError> {
         crate::metrics::init();
-        info!(
-            router_id = %self.config.router_id,
-            local_asn = self.config.local_asn,
-            peers = self.config.peers.len(),
-            "BGP server started"
-        );
-
-        for peer in &self.config.peers {
-            if let Some(limit) = peer.import.max_prefixes {
-                PEER_MAX_PREFIXES
-                    .with_label_values(&[&peer.name])
-                    .set(limit.into());
-            } else {
-                warn!(
-                    peer = %peer.name,
-                    "No limit on the routes taken from this peer (import.max_prefixes)"
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        warn_about_export_limits(&self.config);
-        if self.config.accept_unconfigured_peers {
-            warn!("Taking sessions and routes from any host (accept_unconfigured_peers)");
-        }
-
+        log_startup(&self.config);
         let context = Arc::new(ServerContext {
             router_id: self.config.router_id,
             local_asn: self.config.local_asn,
@@ -226,43 +204,7 @@ impl BgpServer {
                 }
             });
         }
-
-        // The tasks the server cannot do without. None of them ends while
-        // the server runs. The advertiser comes first: it has to be
-        // listening before a dialer brings up the first session.
-        let mut tasks: FuturesUnordered<NamedTask> = FuturesUnordered::new();
-        tasks.push(named(
-            "advertiser",
-            spawn_advertiser(
-                self.local_rib.clone(),
-                Arc::clone(&self.rib),
-                self.registry.clone(),
-                self.config.local_asn,
-                self.config.control,
-                self.config.cluster_id,
-                self.restarts.convergence().watch(),
-            ),
-        ));
-        tasks.push(named("sweeper", spawn_sweeper(Arc::clone(&self.rib))));
-        if let (Some(rpki), Some(client)) = (self.rpki.clone(), self.rpki_client) {
-            tasks.push(named("RPKI client", client));
-            tasks.push(named(
-                "revalidator",
-                spawn_revalidator(rpki, Arc::clone(&self.rib), self.registry.clone()),
-            ));
-        }
-        if let Some(interfaces) = context.interfaces.clone() {
-            tasks.push(named(
-                "next hop revalidator",
-                reach::spawn_revalidator(interfaces, Arc::clone(&self.rib), self.registry.clone()),
-            ));
-        }
-        for peer in self.config.peers.iter().filter(|peer| peer.passive) {
-            info!(peer = %peer.name, endpoint = %peer.endpoint, "Waiting for the peer to connect (passive)");
-        }
-        for dialer in spawn_dialers(&self.config.peers, &context, self.config.connect_retry) {
-            tasks.push(named("dialer", dialer));
-        }
+        let mut tasks = self.spawn_tasks(&context);
 
         let mut kernel_task = self.kernel_task;
         let connections = ConnectionCounts::default();
@@ -308,6 +250,46 @@ impl BgpServer {
             accepting.push(accept_one(listen_addr, listener));
         }
     }
+
+    /// Starts the tasks the server cannot do without. None of them ends
+    /// while the server runs. The advertiser comes first: it has to be
+    /// listening before a dialer brings up the first session.
+    fn spawn_tasks(&mut self, context: &Arc<ServerContext>) -> FuturesUnordered<NamedTask> {
+        let tasks = FuturesUnordered::new();
+        tasks.push(named(
+            "advertiser",
+            spawn_advertiser(
+                self.local_rib.clone(),
+                Arc::clone(&self.rib),
+                self.registry.clone(),
+                self.config.local_asn,
+                self.config.control,
+                self.config.cluster_id,
+                self.restarts.convergence().watch(),
+            ),
+        ));
+        tasks.push(named("sweeper", spawn_sweeper(Arc::clone(&self.rib))));
+        if let (Some(rpki), Some(client)) = (self.rpki.clone(), self.rpki_client.take()) {
+            tasks.push(named("RPKI client", client));
+            tasks.push(named(
+                "revalidator",
+                spawn_revalidator(rpki, Arc::clone(&self.rib), self.registry.clone()),
+            ));
+        }
+        if let Some(interfaces) = context.interfaces.clone() {
+            tasks.push(named(
+                "next hop revalidator",
+                reach::spawn_revalidator(interfaces, Arc::clone(&self.rib), self.registry.clone()),
+            ));
+        }
+        for peer in self.config.peers.iter().filter(|peer| peer.passive) {
+            info!(peer = %peer.name, endpoint = %peer.endpoint, "Waiting for the peer to connect (passive)");
+        }
+        for dialer in spawn_dialers(&self.config.peers, context, self.config.connect_retry) {
+            tasks.push(named("dialer", dialer));
+        }
+        tasks
+    }
 }
 
 /// Resolves when the task that keeps the kernel's routes has ended, which
@@ -380,6 +362,32 @@ async fn leave_sessions(registry: &SessionRegistry, leave: Leave) {
     }
 }
 
+/// Says what the configuration is, and what it leaves undone.
+fn log_startup(config: &Config) {
+    info!(
+        router_id = %config.router_id,
+        local_asn = config.local_asn,
+        peers = config.peers.len(),
+        "BGP server started"
+    );
+    for peer in &config.peers {
+        if let Some(limit) = peer.import.max_prefixes {
+            PEER_MAX_PREFIXES
+                .with_label_values(&[&peer.name])
+                .set(limit.into());
+        } else {
+            warn!(
+                peer = %peer.name,
+                "No limit on the routes taken from this peer (import.max_prefixes)"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    warn_about_export_limits(config);
+    if config.accept_unconfigured_peers {
+        warn!("Taking sessions and routes from any host (accept_unconfigured_peers)");
+    }
+}
+
 /// Says what the export limits leave undone: the peers they are for that
 /// have none, and the routes of our own that they leave out, which is
 /// likely a mistake in one or the other.